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Compare New Caledonia (2001) - Spratly Islands (2008)

Compare New Caledonia (2001) z Spratly Islands (2008)

 New Caledonia (2001)Spratly Islands (2008)
 New CaledoniaSpratly Islands
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud -
Age structure 0-14 years:
30.31% (male 31,674; female 30,416)

15-64 years:
63.95% (male 66,014; female 65,006)

65 years and over:
5.74% (male 5,548; female 6,205) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products -
Airports 29 (2000 est.) 3 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

over 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
23

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
11 (2000 est.)		 total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
Area total:
19,060 sq km

land:
18,575 sq km

water:
485 sq km		 total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Jersey NA
Background Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s seems to have dissipated. The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim.
Birth rate 20.37 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$861.3 million

expenditures:
$735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)		 -
Capital Noumea -
Climate tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid tropical
Coastline 2,254 km 926 km
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) -
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies

conventional short form:
New Caledonia

local long form:
Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances

local short form:
Nouvelle-Caledonie		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands
Currency Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF) -
Death rate 5.62 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $79 million (1998 est.) -
Dependency status overseas territory of France since 1956 -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of France) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of France) -
Disputes - international Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands
Economic aid - recipient $880 million annual subsidy from France -
Economy - overview New Caledonia has more than 20% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years, the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a negligible amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, the substantial financial support from France and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. The situation in 1998 was clouded by the spillover of financial problems in East Asia and by lower prices for nickel. Nickel prices jumped in 1999-2000, and large additions were made to capacity. French Government interests in the New Caledonian nickel industry are being transferred to local ownership. Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. There are no reliable estimates of potential reserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
Electricity - consumption 1.414 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 1.52 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
78.95%

hydro:
21.05%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mont Panie 1,628 m		 lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Environment - current issues erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires NA
Ethnic groups Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3% -
Exchange rates Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 127.11 (January 2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997), 93.00 (1996); note - linked at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro -
Executive branch chief of state:
President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Thierry LATASTE (since 19 July 1999)

head of government:
President of the Government Jean LEQUES (since 28 May 1999)

cabinet:
Consultative Committee

elections:
French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress		 -
Exports $411 million (f.o.b., 1999) -
Exports - commodities ferronickels, nickel ore, fish -
Exports - partners Japan 27%, France 17%, Taiwan 12%, South Korea 9% (1999) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description the flag of France is used -
GDP purchasing power parity - $3 billion (1998 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
4%

industry:
30%

services:
66% (1997 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $15,000 (1998 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3.5% (1998 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 21 30 S, 165 30 E 8 38 N, 111 55 E
Geography - note - strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs
Heliports 6 (2000 est.) 3 (2007)
Highways total:
4,825 km

paved:
2,287 km

unpaved:
2,538 km (1999)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $843 million (f.o.b., 1999) -
Imports - commodities transport equipment, machinery and electrical equipment, fuels, minerals, wine, sugar, rice -
Imports - partners France 49%, Australia 14%, Singapore 6%, New Zealand 5%, US 5% (1999) -
Independence none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass -
Industrial production growth rate -0.6% (1996) -
Industries nickel mining and smelting -
Infant mortality rate 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.5% (1998 est.) -
International organization participation ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 160 sq km (1991) 0 sq km
Judicial branch Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court -
Labor force 79,395 (including 15, 018 unemployed, 1996) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
12%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
49% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)
Languages French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects -
Legal system the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law -
Legislative branch unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR 24, FLNKS 12, UNI 6, FCCI 4, FN 4, Alliance pour la Caledonie 3, LKS 1

note:
New Caledonia elects 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held NA September 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May-1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 2		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
73.02 years

male:
70.08 years

female:
76.11 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
91%

male:
92%

female:
90% (1976 est.)		 -
Location Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Map references Oceania Southeast Asia
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 NA
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)		 -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Military branches French Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $192.3 million (1996) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.3% (1996) -
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) -
Nationality noun:
New Caledonian(s)

adjective:
New Caledonian		 -
Natural hazards cyclones, most frequent from November to March typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard
Natural resources nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Alliance pour la Caledonie [Didier LEROUX]; Developper Ensemble pour Construire l'Avenir or DEPCA [Robert FROUIN]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Leopald SOREDIE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Groupe de l'Alliance Multiraciale or GAM [Dany DALMAYRAE]; Independance et Progres [Alphonse PUJAPUJANE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [Rock WAMYTAN] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); La Caledonie Autrement [Denis MILLIARD]; Loyalty Islands Development Front or FDIL [Cono HAMU]; National Front or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Charles WASHETINE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [leader NA]; Renouveau [Thierry VALET]; Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Nidoish NAISSELINE]; Union Caledonienne or UC [Bernard LEPEU]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Andre GOPEA] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 204,863 (July 2001 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 1.48% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Mueo, Noumea, Thio -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 107,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10% -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.89 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 47,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 13,040 (1998) -
Television broadcast stations 6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997) -
Terrain coastal plains with interior mountains flat
Total fertility rate 2.48 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Unemployment rate 19% (1996) -
Waterways none -
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